Semiconductor Technology from A to Z

Everything about semiconductors and wafer fabrication

Semiconductor Technology from A to Z

How a chip is made —
layer by layer.

The complete path through fabrication: from the fundamentals of chemistry through wafers, oxidation and photolithography to dry etching.

Start with the fundamentals Everything as PDF

Passivation Metal 2 Metal 1 Poly gate Silicon
Cross section — substrate, oxide, poly and two metal layers

Feature size over time10 µm → 2 nm